據(jù)阿拉伯貿(mào)易網(wǎng)2022年6月27日巴黎報(bào)道，根據(jù)國(guó)際能源署（IEA）發(fā)表的一份新報(bào)告，今年全球能源投資將大幅增長(zhǎng)8%，達(dá)到2.4萬(wàn)億美元，預(yù)計(jì)增加的主要是清潔能源投資。 

IEA在其題為《2022年世界能源投資報(bào)告》中指出，今年全球能源投資增長(zhǎng)幅度仍遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不足以應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)今能源危機(jī)的多個(gè)層面，但它將為實(shí)現(xiàn)更清潔、更安全的能源未來(lái)鋪平道路。

報(bào)告稱，今年全球能源投資增長(zhǎng)最快的部門是電力部門——主要是可再生電力和電網(wǎng)的投資——以及能源效率。 然而，清潔能源支出的增長(zhǎng)并不是平均分布的，主要集中在發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體和亞洲大國(guó)。 在一些市場(chǎng)，對(duì)能源安全的擔(dān)憂和價(jià)格高企正促使人們加大對(duì)化石燃料供應(yīng)的投資，尤其是對(duì)煤炭的投資。 

IEA署長(zhǎng)比羅爾日前說(shuō)：“我們不能忽視今天的全球能源危機(jī)或氣候危機(jī)，但好消息是，我們不需要在兩者之間做出選擇，我們可以同時(shí)解決這兩者。”“加速清潔能源轉(zhuǎn)型的大規(guī)模投資是唯一持久的解決方案。這類投資正在增加，但我們需要更快地增加，以緩解化石燃料高價(jià)格給消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)的壓力，讓我們的能源系統(tǒng)更安全，讓世界走上正軌，實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的氣候目標(biāo)。”

在2015年簽署《巴黎協(xié)定》以后的五年中，全球清潔能源投資僅以每年2%的速度增長(zhǎng)。但自2020年以來(lái)，增速明顯加快至12%。各國(guó)政府的財(cái)政支持和可持續(xù)金融的興起一直支撐著支出，尤其是在發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體。可再生電力、電網(wǎng)和儲(chǔ)能目前占電力行業(yè)總投資的80%以上。目前，在太陽(yáng)能光伏、電池和電動(dòng)汽車上的支出正以與2050年前實(shí)現(xiàn)全球凈零排放目標(biāo)一致的速度增長(zhǎng)。 

不過(guò)，供應(yīng)鏈緊張也是能源投資增長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)重要原因。在支出的整體增長(zhǎng)中，近一半反映了從勞動(dòng)力、服務(wù)到水泥、鋼鐵和關(guān)鍵礦產(chǎn)等材料的成本上升。這些挑戰(zhàn)阻礙了一些能源公司加快支出速度。

從一個(gè)較低的基礎(chǔ)開始，對(duì)一些新興技術(shù)的投資正在快速增長(zhǎng)，特別是電池、低排放氫氣以及碳捕獲利用和儲(chǔ)存。 預(yù)計(jì)今年全球電池儲(chǔ)能方面的投資將增加一倍多，達(dá)到近200億美元。 

然而，盡管有一些亮點(diǎn)，比如印度的太陽(yáng)能，但新興和發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體的清潔能源支出仍停留在2015年的水平，自《巴黎協(xié)定》達(dá)成以來(lái)沒有增加。支持可持續(xù)復(fù)蘇的公共資金稀缺，政策框架往往薄弱，經(jīng)濟(jì)陰云密布，借貸成本上升。所有這些都削弱了資本密集型清潔技術(shù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)吸引力。需要做的還有很多，包括國(guó)際發(fā)展機(jī)構(gòu)在內(nèi)，以提高這些投資水平，彌合能源轉(zhuǎn)型投資步伐上不斷擴(kuò)大的地區(qū)差異。  

總的來(lái)說(shuō)，目前的油氣支出夾在兩種未來(lái)愿景之間：一是對(duì)于將全球氣候變暖控制在1.5°C的路徑來(lái)說(shuō)，這一支出太高了，而在政府堅(jiān)持當(dāng)前的政策設(shè)置、未能兌現(xiàn)其氣候承諾的情況下，這一支出又不足以滿足全球不斷增長(zhǎng)的能源需求。  

今天的化石燃料高價(jià)格給全球許多經(jīng)濟(jì)體帶來(lái)了痛苦，但也給石油和天然氣生產(chǎn)商帶來(lái)了前所未有的意外之財(cái)。今年，全球石油和天然氣行業(yè)收入預(yù)計(jì)將躍升至4萬(wàn)億美元，是5年平均水平的兩倍多，其中大部分將流向主要的石油和天然氣出口國(guó)。

這些意外之財(cái)為油氣生產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)體提供了一個(gè)千載難逢的機(jī)會(huì)，為他們急需的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型提供了資金，也為主要的油氣公司提供了更多的投資多樣化的機(jī)會(huì)。

石油和天然氣公司在清潔能源上的支出占比正在緩慢上升，其增長(zhǎng)主要是由歐洲石油巨頭和少數(shù)其他公司推動(dòng)的。總體而言，清潔能源投資占全球油氣公司資本支出的5%左右，高于2019年的1%。 

李峻 編譯自 阿拉伯貿(mào)易網(wǎng)

原文如下：

Energy spend to surge 8% to hit $2.4trn in 2022: IEA

Global energy investment is set to increase by 8% in 2022 to reach $2.4 trillion, with the anticipated rise coming mainly in clean energy, according to a new report by the International Energy Agency (IEA).

The growth investment is still far from enough to tackle the multiple dimensions of today’s energy crisis and pave the way towards a cleaner and more secure energy future, the IEA’s World Energy Investment 2022 report noted.

The fastest growth in energy investment is coming from the power sector – mainly in renewables and grids – and from energy efficiency, according to the report. The rise in clean energy spending is not evenly spread, however, with most of it taking place in advanced economies and the biggest country in Asia. And in some markets, energy security concerns and high prices are prompting higher investment in fossil fuel supplies, most notably on coal.

“We cannot afford to ignore either today’s global energy crisis or the climate crisis, but the good news is that we do not need to choose between them – we can tackle both at the same time,” said IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol. “A massive surge in investment to accelerate clean energy transitions is the only lasting solution. This kind of investment is rising, but we need a much faster increase to ease the pressure on consumers from high fossil fuel prices, make our energy systems more secure, and get the world on track to reach our climate goals.”

Clean energy investment grew by only 2% a year in the five years after the Paris Agreement was signed in 2015. But since 2020, the pace of growth has accelerated significantly to 12%. Spending has been underpinned by fiscal support from governments and aided by the rise of sustainable finance, especially in advanced economies. Renewables, grids and storage now account for more than 80% of total power sector investment. Spending on solar PV, batteries and electric vehicles is now growing at rates consistent with reaching global net zero emissions by 2050.

Tight supply chains are also playing a large part in the headline rise in investment, though. Almost half of the overall increase in spending is a reflection of higher costs, from labour and services to materials such as cement, steel and critical minerals. These challenges are deterring some energy companies from picking up their spending more quickly.

From a low base, there is rapid growth underway in spending on some emerging technologies, notably batteries, low emissions hydrogen, and carbon capture utilisation and storage. Investment in battery energy storage is expected to more than double to reach almost $20 billion in 2022.

However, despite some bright spots, such as solar in India, clean energy spending in emerging and developing economies (excluding China) remains stuck at 2015 levels, with no increase since the Paris Agreement was reached. Public funds to support sustainable recovery are scarce, policy frameworks are often weak, economic clouds are gathering, and borrowing costs are rising. All of this undercuts the economic attractiveness of capital-intensive clean technologies. Much more needs to be done, including by international development institutions, to boost these investment levels and bridge widening regional divergences in the pace of energy transition investment.

Another warning sign comes in the form of a 10% rise in investment in coal supply in 2021, led by emerging economies in Asia, with a similar increase likely in 2022. Although the biggest country in Asia has pledged to stop building coal-fired power plants abroad, a significant amount of new coal capacity is coming onto the Chinese domestic market.

Overall, today’s oil and gas spending is caught between two visions of the future: it is too high for a pathway aligned with limiting global warming to 1.5 °C but not enough to satisfy rising demand in a scenario where governments stick with today’s policy settings and fail to deliver on their climate pledges.

Today’s high fossil fuel prices are generating pain for many economies but are also generating an unprecedented windfall for oil and gas producers. Global oil and gas sector income is set to jump to $4 trillion in 2022, more than twice its five-year average, with the bulk of it going to major oil and gas exporting states.

These windfalls gains provide a once-in-a-generation opportunity for oil and gas producing economies to fund the much needed transformation of their economies, and for major oil and gas companies to do more to diversify their spending.

The share of spending by oil and gas companies on clean energy is rising slowly, with what progress there is driven mainly by the European majors and a handful of other companies. Overall, clean energy investment accounts for around 5% of oil and gas company capital expenditure worldwide, up from 1% in 2019.