據天然氣工業6月25日消息稱,在2021年6月的短期能源展望(STEO)中,EIA預測,由于天然氣消費和天然氣出口的預期增長超過了生產和進口的預期增長,美國天然氣價格將在2021年至2022年期間較2020年上漲。我們還預測,2021年Henry Hub天然氣現貨價格平均為3.07美元/百萬英熱單位(MMBtu),較2020年的歷史低點上漲了1.04美元/MMBtu。
美國天然氣出口和其他所有天然氣消費行業的天然氣消費量的增長,以及電力行業的增長推動了Henry Hub現貨價格的高企,這反映在了STEO。2021 年 2 月設定的高天然氣價格將 2021 年的年平均價格推高,使 2021 年成為我們預測的峰值。
2021年2月的寒流影響了包括德克薩斯州在內的美國中部大部分地區,導致天然氣供應減少,需求增加,導致接近創紀錄水平的天然氣庫存減少,推動了極高的天然氣價格。2021 年 2 月 Henry Hub 平均價格為 5.35 美元/MMBtu,比 2020 年 2 月高出 3.44美元/MMBtu。盡管價格沒有保持高位,但2月份的價格提高了2021年的平均價格。
2021年美國天然氣需求的增長主要是由于從2020年到2021年美國天然氣出口增加了38億立方英尺/天。我們預計,2021年美國管道天然氣和液化天然氣的平均出口量將分別達到183億立方英尺/天和2022年184億立方英尺/天,均將超過目前2020年創下的144億立方英尺/天的紀錄。我們預計,工業、住宅和商業部門天然氣消費的增長將有助于2021年天然氣需求的總體增長。由于天然氣價格上漲,電力部門的天然氣消耗減少,略微抵消了需求的增長。我們預計,2021年電力部門的天然氣消費量將平均為294億立方英尺/天,2022年為293億立方英尺/天,這兩個數字都將從2020年的317億立方英尺/天下降。
我們預計,到2022年,Henry Hub的平均現貨價格將從2021年的平均價格降至2.93美元/MMBtu。在2022年,美國的供應增長了6.6億立方英尺/天,但非電力部門的需求增長了3.1億立方英尺/天,增速低于供應速度。2022年,美國天然氣產量將增加18億立方英尺/天,這將推動天然氣供應的預期增長,但美國天然氣進口量的下降將略微抵消這一增長。美國天然氣供應可能在2022年超過美國的需求,這支持了我們的預測,即價格將從2021年下降到2022年。
曹海斌 摘譯自 天然氣工業
原文如下:
U.S. natural gas exports and non-power sector demand to drive higher prices through 2022
In theJune 2021 Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO), EIA forecast U.S. natural gas prices to increase during 2021 and 2022 from 2020 prices as a result of expected growth in natural gas consumption and natural gas exports that outpace expected growth in production and imports. We also forecast the 2021 Henry Hub natural gas spot price to average $3.07 per million British thermal units (MMBtu), an increase of $1.04/MMBtu from the record lows of 2020.
Increases in both U.S. natural gas exports and consumption from all other natural gas-consuming sectors but electricity generation are driving the high Henry Hub spot prices reflected in the STEO. The high natural gas prices set in February 2021 set the annual average 2021 price path higher, making 2021 the peak in our forecast.
The February 2021 cold snap that affected much of the central part of the country, including Texas, reduced supply and increased demand for natural gas, resulting in near-record storage withdrawals that drove the extremely high natural gas prices. The February 2021 Henry Hub price averaged $5.35/MMBtu, or $3.44 MMBtu higher than in February 2020. Although prices did not remain elevated, the February price has raised the annual 2021 average.
The increase in U.S. natural gas demand in 2021 is primarily a result of a 3.8 billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d) increase in U.S. exports of natural gas from 2020 to 2021. We expect U.S. exports of natural gas by pipeline and as liquefied natural gas, combined, to average 18.3 Bcf/d in 2021 and 18.4 Bcf/d in 2022, both exceeding the current record of 14.4 Bcf/d set in 2020. We expect increases in natural gas consumed in the industrial, residential, and commercial sectors to contribute to the overall increase in 2021 natural gas demand. These increases in demand are slightly offset by a decrease in natural gas consumption in the electric power sector as a result of higher natural gas prices. We expect natural gas consumed in the electric power sector to average 29.4 Bcf/d in 2021 and 29.3 Bcf/d in 2022, both decreases from 31.7 Bcf/d in 2020.
We expect the Henry Hub average spot price to decrease to $2.93/MMBtu in 2022 from the 2021 average. In 2022, U.S. supply grows by 0.66 Bcf/d, but non-power sector demand grows by 0.31 Bcf/d—a slower rate than supply growth. In 2022, a 1.8 Bcf/d rise in U.S. natural gas production drives the forecast growth in natural gas supply, which is slightly offset by a decline in U.S. imports of natural gas. U.S. natural gas supply will likely outpace U.S. demand in 2022, which supports our forecast of a price decline from 2021 to 2022.?
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