據(jù)7月22日油田技術(shù)報道，截至2021年7月9日，今年美國原油出口量平均為300萬桶/天。根據(jù)EIA的“每周石油狀況報告”顯示，最近四周，美國原油出口量達(dá)到了351萬桶/天。值得一提的是，2013年，美國政府取消了對超輕質(zhì)原油的出口限制。2015年夏天，美國和墨西哥簽訂了石油交換協(xié)議，對石油出口的限制于2015年12月完全解除。自2015年以來，美國原油出口量顯著增加，自2019年以來平均每年約300萬桶/天。
盡管新冠肺炎疫情導(dǎo)致原油價格大幅下跌，美國和全球石油市場的需求和產(chǎn)量減少，但在過去三年中，美國原油出口量的四周滾動平均值并未跌破200萬桶/天。
最近原油出口的穩(wěn)定得益于高油價。在2021年7月9日的一周，國際原油基準(zhǔn)布倫特現(xiàn)貨價格平均為76.13美元/桶。國內(nèi)原油基準(zhǔn)西德克薩斯中質(zhì)原油現(xiàn)貨價格平均為73.35美元/桶。在2021年6月8日至7月16日期間，布倫特原油和西德克薩斯中質(zhì)原油價格均保持在70美元/桶以上。美國能源信息署(EIA)發(fā)布的每周石油狀況報告顯示，自2021年6月底以來，原油出口略有上升。
盡管WTI原油與布倫特原油之間的價格差距很小，但美國原油出口量仍然非常高。截至7月16日，2021年WTI原油價格平均比布倫特原油價格低2.82美元/桶。在截至2021年7月9日的一周內(nèi)，WTI價格平均比布倫特價格低2.78美元/桶。同期美國原油出口量為351萬桶/天，遠(yuǎn)高于2021年迄今美國原油出口量的平均水平。要知道，在2011年至2014年間，WTI原油價格平均比布倫特原油價格低10美元/桶。
自2015年以來，美國原油基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施大幅擴(kuò)張，以促進(jìn)陸上生產(chǎn)的原油出口。德克薩斯州海灣沿岸的港口，特別是科珀斯克里斯蒂和休斯頓，已已經(jīng)率先擴(kuò)張，使得更多的石油可以從二疊紀(jì)盆地和伊格爾福特盆地出口。由于墨西哥灣沿岸的許多管道和高效的港口設(shè)施連接,多數(shù)美國原油從墨西哥灣沿岸地區(qū)出口。
王佳晶 摘譯自 油田技術(shù)
原文如下：
EIA: US crude oil exports reached record levels in 2020 and remain high in 2021
So far this year (as of 9 July 2021), US crude oil exports have averaged 3 million bpd. The most recent four-week rolling average of US crude oil exports reached 3.51 million bpd, according to EIA’s ‘Weekly Petroleum Status Report’. In 2013, the US government lifted export restrictions on minimally processed ultra-light oil. In the summer of 2015, the US and Mexico entered into an oil exchange agreement, and the restrictions on oil exports were fully lifted in December 2015. US crude oil exports have increased significantly since 2015 and have averaged around 3 million bpd every year since 2019.
The four-week rolling average of US crude oil export volumes has not fallen below 2 million bpd during the past three years, despite the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused significant crude oil price drops, reduced demand and reduced production in US and global oil markets.
High oil prices have contributed to steady crude oil exports recently. During the week of 9 July 2021, the international crude oil benchmark (Brent) spot price averaged US$76.13/bbl. and the domestic crude oil benchmark (West Texas Intermediate, or WTI) spot price averaged US$73.35/bbl. Brent and WTI prices both remained above US$70/bbl between 8 June and 16 July 2021. Weekly export data from EIA’s ‘Weekly Petroleum Status Report’ show a slight rise in crude oil exports since the end of June 2021.
Even with a narrow price difference between the WTI crude oil price and the Brent price, US crude oil exports remain very high. As of 16 July, the WTI crude oil price averaged US$2.82/bbl lower than the Brent crude oil price so far in 2021. During the week ending 9 July 2021, the WTI price averaged US$2.78/bbl lower than the Brent price. US crude oil exports for that same week were 3.51 million bpd, well above the year-to-date 2021 average volume for US crude oil exports. Between 2011 and 2014, the WTI crude price averaged US$10/bbl lower than the Brent crude price.
US crude oil infrastructure has expanded significantly since 2015 to facilitate crude oil exports from onshore production. Ports on the Texas Gulf Coast, particularly Corpus Christi and Houston, have led the expansion, allowing more oil to be exported from the Permian Basin and Eagle Ford Basin. Due to the Gulf Coast’s many pipeline connections and efficient port infrastructure, most US crude oil exports leave the US from the Gulf Coast region.
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