據油價網8月5日消息，推動風能在美國的發展需要大型石油公司的專業知識、經驗和資金支持，多年來，全美的石油公司都在大力投資，推動了風能行業的發展。在活動人士和國際機構繼續批評大型石油公司在氣候變化和環境惡化中所扮演的角色之際，正是這些公司在北美的可再生能源項目中進行了一些更重大的投資，并為其增加了一些最大的價值。

　　預計未來5年，風力發電能力將從目前的10萬兆瓦(MW)增加60%。據預測，到2026年，全球海上風電市場的價值可能達到875億美元，而2019年僅為361億美元。然而，這需要大量的投資和經驗豐富的能源專家的專業知識，才能使風能項目啟動并滿足這一需求。

　　今年4月，雪佛龍與挪威財團莫爾德(Moreld)簽署協議，共同開發渦輪技術公司Ocergy，成為美國第一家投資海上風力發電的石油巨頭。殼牌、挪威國家石油公司(Equinor)和道達爾等歐洲大型石油公司都有完善的海上風能項目。

　　離岸開發是雪佛龍3億美元低碳投資計劃的一部分。該項目將建設海上浮動風力渦輪機，為美國部分電網提供電力。

　　類似的項目已經出現在世界其他地區，如殼牌與SSE Renewables和Equinor合作，目前正在英格蘭東北部開發世界上最大的Dogger Bank風電場，總發電能力將達到2400兆瓦。

　　經過十年的基礎建設和許可申請，石油大亨Phil Anschutz目前正在投資美國最大的風能項目。懷俄明州 50 億美元的項目將由 Anschutz 個人投資 4 億美元，Anschutz 正在尋求股權合作伙伴為剩余股份提供資金。該項目預計將于2025年完工，建成后將有1000臺風力渦輪機在32萬英畝的土地上運行，足以為加州180萬戶家庭提供電力。

　　風能的主要吸引力之一是它與石油和天然氣的相似性。國際能源署的一份報告發現，大約40%的海上風力發電成本，如大型建筑的建造和維護，與海上石油工業的成本重疊。

　　此外，隨著政府和國際機構要求走向綠色的壓力越來越大，石油巨頭們正在尋找投資于石油和天然氣以外的未來的方法。雖然碳捕捉技術是大多數公司的重大舉措，但一些公司正在尋求發展可再生能源領域，以確保他們在未來幾年在國際能源中的份額。

　　一些公司已經從石油轉向風能，而不是簡單地增加投資組合，比如丹麥的?rsted。考慮到風能開發的財政潛力和美國未充分開發的行業性質，這并不令人驚訝。

　　目前，風能僅占全球電力的0.3%。但隨著美國未來10年的重大項目規劃，大型石油公司可能會推動這一數字呈指數增長。

　　裘寅 編譯自 油價網

　　原文如下：

　　Renewables Need Big Oil To Thrive

　　We need the expertise, experience, and financial backing of Big Oil to drive wind energy forward in the U.S., following years of strong investments from oil firms across the country kickstarting the industry. As activists and international agencies continue to criticize Big Oil for its role in climate change and environmental degradation, it is precisely those firms that have made some of the more significant investments and added some of the greatest value to renewable energy projects across North America.

　　Wind capacity is expected to increase by 60 percent over the next five years from 100,000 megawatts (MW) at present. And the global offshore wind market could reach a value of $87.5 billion by 2026 according to predictions, an increase from just $36.1 billion in 2019. However, it will require significant investment and know-how from seasoned energy experts to get wind projects off the ground and meet this demand.

　　In April this year, Chevron became the first U.S. oil major to invest in offshore wind, signing a deal with Norway’s Moreld to develop Ocergy, a turbine technology company. It follows in the footsteps of European majors Shell, Equinor, and Total, which all have well-established offshore wind energy projects.

　　The offshore development is part of Chevron’s $300 million low-carbon investment plan. The development will see the construction of floating offshore wind turbines which will be used to power part of the U.S. grid.

　　Similar projects have already been seen in other areas of the world as Shell, with partners SSE Renewables and Equinor, is currently developing the world’s largest wind farm in the northeast of England. Phases A and B of the Dogger Bank Wind Farm will have a combined power generation capacity of 2,400 MW.

　　Now oil tycoon Phil Anschutz is investing in America’s biggest wind energy project, after a decade of setting the groundwork and applying for permits. The $5 billion project in Wyoming will see a personal investment of $400 million from Anschutz who is seeking equity partners to finance the remaining share. The development, expected to be completed by 2025, will see 1000 wind turbines up and running across 320,000-acres upon completion, enough to power 1.8 million homes across California.

　　One of the main attractions of wind is its similarity to oil and gas. An IEA report found that around 40 percent of the costs of offshore wind, such as the construction and maintenance of huge structures, overlap with the costs of the offshore oil industry.

　　In addition, with mounting pressure from governments and international agencies to go green, oil majors are looking at ways to invest in a future beyond oil and gas. While carbon capture technology has been a major move for most firms, some are looking to develop their renewable energy sectors to ensure their stake in international energy in the years to come.

　　Some companies have already made the switch from oil to wind rather than simply adding to their portfolios such as Denmark-based ?rsted. This is not surprising given the financial potential for wind energy development and the underexploited nature of the industry in the U.S.

　　At present, wind energy accounts for just 0.3 percent of global electricity today. But with significant projects planned for the U.S. over the next decade, Big Oil could have a hand in boosting this figure exponentially.

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