據油價網1月5日消息，在從大氣中捕獲和隔離二氧化碳同時產生可靠電力的重大機遇已經出現，并且可以在全球范圍內實施。由于四個關鍵技術領域的進步可以合并為一個更大的系統，這現在成為可能。結合碳捕集、直接空氣捕集(DAC)、能源儲存和可再生能源的化石燃料發(fā)電，可以為電網提供可靠的電力，同時產生大量的負碳排放。除了擴大可再生能源，這將有助于油氣行業(yè)向低碳經濟轉型并參與其中。如果在世界范圍內實施，這種方法每年可以減少數十億噸的碳排放，同時創(chuàng)造重大的經濟機會。
許多公司已承諾在未來幾十年內實現凈零目標。例如，超過200家公司承諾到2040年實現凈零排放，全球2000家最大的上市公司中，21%的公司(銷售額近14萬億美元)現在承諾到2050年實現凈零排放。這些公司將需要購買碳排放信用，以履行各自的承諾。正因如此，對碳信用額度的需求有望迅速增長，這將為實施碳捕集和封存相結合的電力系統的公司帶來可觀的收入。使用這種技術組合的公司，可以在生產可靠電力的同時產生負排放，從而獲得可觀的收入。
除了儲存在地面上，通過工業(yè)碳捕集和DAC捕集的二氧化碳還可以通過多種方式加以利用，包括垂直耕作、增加混凝土強度和生產甲醇。碳利用的迅速增長帶來了重大的經濟機會，例如地方工業(yè)的增長和國際市場和貿易機會的擴大。據估計，到2030年，美國的碳利用市場將達到8000億美元至1.1萬億美元，使其成為能源轉型中有利可圖的組成部分。隨著可靠的二氧化碳來源在世界范圍內變得可用，可以預期這種資源的利用將會增加。
通過將風能和/或太陽能等可再生能源納入技術組合，它提供了一種具有成本效益的取之不盡的能源，同時也創(chuàng)造了新的就業(yè)機會和經濟機會。將可再生能源、能源儲存、碳捕集和DAC與發(fā)電相結合，即使在風力和/或太陽能發(fā)電場連續(xù)多天無法發(fā)電的情況下，也能向電網提供可靠的電力。DAC系統在這方面有幫助，因為它可以在必要時被關閉，以允許更多的電力供應到電網。它還有助于最大限度地利用可用的電力，從而提高設施的盈利能力。
雖然DAC的成本目前相當高，但預計將迅速下降。例如，據報道，冰島Climeworks新工廠捕集和封存一噸二氧化碳的成本在600至800美元之間。現在還有其他幾家公司在開發(fā)DAC技術，其中一些公司表示，當它們各自的技術在商業(yè)規(guī)模上實施時，它們可以以每噸不到100美元的價格捕集二氧化碳。
支持長期碳儲存的設施一直在迅速發(fā)展，如今，碳技術融資等氣候融資的可用性也在增加。這與上述技術相結合，在世界范圍內創(chuàng)造了許多新的商業(yè)機會，有助于大幅減少全球碳排放，創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會，同時促進經濟增長。
這種技術領域組合的一個重要特點是，它不依賴于任何一家公司的技術。因此，希望實現這種技術組合的組織有許多選擇，可以而且應該選擇最佳選項。
如果各組織主動與這些相關技術社區(qū)合作開發(fā)項目，并獲得可用的資金，就可以進一步加快進展。這將導致減少碳排放的技術的發(fā)展速度加快和規(guī)模擴大。有幾種資金來源可用于加速技術開發(fā)和擴大規(guī)模，如風險投資、政府資助和相關激勵措施、私人資助資金、眾籌和貸款。為了幫助企業(yè)獲得資金來建造設施，像 Puro-Earth 這樣的在線平臺有助于促進該設施將被捕獲和儲存的碳的長期承購協議。此外，為了使這些重大項目的投資對投資者更具吸引力，在這些項目運營和產生收入后，可以用綠色債券進行再融資。
為了加快這種技術組合的實施，世界各地的可持續(xù)能源研究中心可以合作開發(fā)和實施包含聯合電力系統和碳捕獲的示范項目。他們也可以與當地項目開發(fā)商合作，在各自的地區(qū)為至少一個全面的聯合電力設施制定計劃和預算。如果實施，這一方法將促進這些技術的迅速推廣，在幫助各國履行各自氣候承諾的同時帶來可觀的利潤。
裘寅 編譯自 油價網
原文如下：
How Oil & Gas Companies Can Profitably Create Carbon-Negative Energy
A major opportunity has emerged to generate reliable power while capturing and sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and can be implemented on a global scale. This is now possible due to advances in four key technology areas that can be combined into one larger system. Fossil fuel power generation with carbon capture, direct air capture (DAC), energy storage, and renewable energy can be combined to provide reliable power to the electrical grid and generate substantial negative carbon emissions at the same time. In addition to scaling up renewable energy, this will help the oil and gas sector transition to and participate in a low-carbon economy. If implemented around the world, this approach could reduce carbon emissions by billions of tonnes per year, while creating major economic opportunities.
Many companies have committed to net-zero targets over the next few decades. For instance, over 200 companies have committed to net-zero by 2040 and 21% of 2,000 of the world’s largest public companies, representing sales of nearly $14 trillion, now have committed to net-zero by 2050. These companies will need to purchase carbon emission credits to meet their respective commitments. Because of this, demand for these credits can be expected to grow rapidly, which can generate significant revenues for companies implementing these combined power systems with carbon capture and storage. Substantial revenues can be earned by companies that generate reliable electricity and create negative emissions at the same time using this combination of technologies.
In addition to being stored in the ground, captured CO2 by industrial carbon capture and DAC can be utilized in several ways including vertical farming, increasing the strength of concrete, and methanol production. The rapid growth of carbon utilization opens up major economic opportunities such as the growth of local industries and the expansion of international markets and trade opportunities. Carbon utilization markets are estimated to reach $800 billion to 1.1 trillion by 2030 in the US, making it a profitable component of the energy transition. As reliable sources of CO2 become available around the world, it can be expected that the utilization of this resource will increase.
By including renewable energy sources like wind and/or solar in the combination of technologies, it provides a cost-effective source of inexhaustible energy while also generating new jobs and economic opportunities. Combining renewables and energy storage with power generation with carbon capture and DAC enables reliable power to be supplied to the electrical grid even when wind and/or solar farms are not generating sufficient power for many days at a time. The DAC system helps in this regard as it can be turned down or off when necessary to allow more power to be supplied to the grid. It also helps maximize the utilization of the power that is available, leading to a more profitable facility.
While the cost of DAC is currently quite high, it is expected to decline quickly. For example, the cost of capturing and sequestering a metric tonne of CO2 in the new plant by Climeworks in Iceland was reported to be in the range of 600 to 800 US dollars. There are now several other companies developing DAC technologies, some of which are indicating that they can capture CO2 for less than $100 per tonne when their respective technology is implemented on a commercial scale.
Facilities that enable long-term carbon storage have been rapidly growing and there is now increased availability of climate finance such as carbon-tech funding. This combined with the technologies mentioned above has created many new business opportunities around the world that can help substantially reduce global carbon emissions, create jobs, and enable economic growth at the same time.
An important feature of this combination of technology areas is it is not dependent on any single company’s technology. As a result, organizations that want to implement this combination of technologies have many choices and can and should choose their best options.
Progress can be further accelerated by organizations taking the initiative to develop projects in collaboration with these relevant technology communities and accessing the available financing. This would result in a faster rate of development and scale-up of technologies to reduce carbon emissions. Several funding sources are available to accelerate technology development and scale-up, such as venture capital, government grants and related incentives, private grant funding, crowd-funding, and loans. To help companies obtain capital to build a facility, online platforms like Puro-Earth help facilitate long-term off-take agreements for the carbon that is expected to be captured and stored by this facility. Furthermore, to make investments in these substantial projects more attractive to investors, they can be refinanced with Green Bonds after they are operational and generating income.
To accelerate the implementation of this combination of technologies, sustainable energy research centres around the world could collaborate to develop and implement demonstration projects that contain a combined power system along with carbon capture. They can also partner with local project developers to develop a plan and budget for at least one full-scale combined power facility in their respective regions. If implemented, this approach would facilitate a rapid scale-up of these technologies leading to substantial profits while helping countries meet their respective climate commitments.
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