據美國鉆井網站2022年6月17日報道，全球119家上市勘探和生產（E&P）公司發布的年度財務報告顯示，去年原油和天然氣總探明儲量增加了192億桶油當量。

美國能源信息署(EIA)表示，影響探明儲量水平的因素有幾個，其中一些因素取決于原油或天然氣的價格。其他因素則取決于公司的行為，如銷售、收購和勘探開發支出。

探明儲量是指在現有的經濟和作業條件下，通過地質和工程資料分析，可以合理確定可開采的油氣資源的估計儲量。

EIA以119家國內外企業向美國證券交易委員會(SEC)提供的公開財務報告和“能源評估”報告為基礎進行了分析。 

EIA的結論不代表全球勘探和生產部門，因為分析不包括未發表財務報告的私人公司。據估計，這119家上市勘探和生產公司在2021年的產量約占非歐佩克液體燃料總產量的60%。 

盡管這些上市勘探和生產公司中有許多在全球開展業務，但也有一些是國有石油公司，其儲量和業務集中在本國，如巴西。勘探和生產公司對其已探明的原油和天然氣儲量的評估每年都在變化，因為價格變化導致對現有儲量的修訂，新資源的擴展和發現，已探明儲量的購買和銷售，以及生產。

這份分析報告中的119家上市勘探和生產公司在2021年總共花費了2440億美元用于勘探和開發，比疫情大流行前五年的平均水平低28%。通過提高采收率、擴展和發現，增加已探明的原油和天然氣儲量可以與勘探開發支出掛鉤。通過購買和銷售獲得的探明儲量代表公司之間的資產轉移，包括此次分析之外的公司。  

對探明儲量的修正可能會受到原油和天然氣價格變化的影響，而受勘探開發投資的直接影響較小。這些修正可增加或減少已探明儲量。EIA解釋說，當一家公司開采并出售已探明儲量時，其產量會減少其探明儲量。 

李峻 編譯自 美國鉆井網站

原文如下:

EIA: 119 Publicly Traded E&P Firms Added Proved Reserves In 2021

Annual financial reports by 119 publicly traded exploration and production companies show aggregate proved reserves of crude oil and natural gas increased by 19.2 billion barrels of oil equivalent in 2021.

The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) said that several factors affect proved reserve levels, some of which depend on the price of crude oil or natural gas. Other factors are based on company actions, such as sales, acquisitions, and spending on exploration and development.

Proved reserves are estimated volumes of hydrocarbon resources that an analysis of geologic and engineering data demonstrates with reasonable certainty are recoverable under existing economic and operating conditions.

The EIA based its analysis on the published financial reports that 119 domestic and international companies provided to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and that evaluate Energy collected.

The Administration’s conclusions do not represent the global exploration and production sector because the analysis did not include private companies that do not publish financial reports. We estimate that the 119 companies in this analysis accounted for about 60 percent of total non-OPEC liquid fuels production in 2021.

Although many of these companies have global operations, some are national oil companies with reserves and operations concentrated in their home countries, such as Brazil. Company assessments of their proved reserves of crude oil and natural gas change from year to year because of revisions to existing reserves resulting from price changes, extensions and discoveries of new resources, purchases and sales of proved reserves, and production.

The 119 companies in this analysis collectively spent $244 billion on exploration and development in 2021, which is 28 percent less than the pre-pandemic five-year average. Additions to proved crude oil and natural gas reserves resulting from improved recovery and from extensions and discoveries can be linked to E&D expenditures. Proved reserves acquired through purchases and sales represent transfers of assets between companies, including companies outside of this analysis.

Revisions to proved reserves can be affected by changes in crude oil and natural gas prices and are less directly affected by E&D investment. These revisions may increase or decrease proved reserves. When proved reserves are extracted and sold by a company, that production reduces its proved reserves, EIA explained.