據油價網2021年5月24日報道，研究人員日前開發出了一個基于水泥的可充電電池的概念——這是世界上第一個這樣的概念，他們暗示有一天可以把建筑物變成巨大的能源儲存設施。
這個在實驗室規模的概念證明是其一個早期階段的想法，這種觀念有挑戰要克服。但是，瑞典的研究人員說，有一天，可充電的水泥基電池可能會成為未來的建筑材料，這些材料將具有額外的功能，如能源儲存、偏遠地區的4G連接，或混凝土基礎設施的陰極保護，防止腐蝕。
瑞典查爾默斯理工大學的研究概述了一種由水泥制成的可充電電池的新概念。這一概念發表在科學期刊《建筑》上，包括添加少量短碳纖維的水泥基混合物，以增加導電性和彎曲韌性。研究人員隨后在水泥基混合物中加入了金屬涂層碳纖維網。在這個 網格中，他們選擇鐵和鋅作為陽極，鎳基氧化物作為陰極。通過添加短碳纖維對水泥基電解質的電導率進行了改性。
查爾默斯理工大學在一份聲明中說：“與商業電池相比，這種電池的能量密度仍然很低，但由于電池在建筑中使用時體積巨大，這種限制可以被克服。”
研究人員表示，這種水泥基電池最重要的特點是可充電。這種電池的潛在應用可能是在能源儲存、向LED供電或在偏遠地區提供4G連接。
艾瑪·張博士說：“例如，它還可以與太陽能電池板結合，為高速公路或橋梁的監控系統提供電力并成為能源來源，由混凝土 電池操作的傳感器可以檢測裂縫或腐蝕。”艾瑪·張博士曾就職于查爾默斯理工大學建筑與土木工程系，現任瑞典德爾塔大學 高級發展科學家。
在實驗室規模開發的概念仍然需要克服許多挑戰，以成為解決能源轉型中的世界能源儲存問題的可行方法，并推動智能城市，以節約能源和減少建筑的溫室氣體排放。
根據研究人員自己的說法，在可充電水泥基電池的想法進入商業化階段之前，這個概念中還有許多技術問題需要解決。
科學家們表示，如果水泥基電池的概念能夠在現實生活中發揮作用，那么延長水泥基電池的使用壽命以及開發回收技術是需要 解決的關鍵技術問題。
“由于混凝土基礎設施通常可以使用50年甚至100年，所以電池需要改進以匹配這一標準，或者在使用壽命結束時更容易更換和回收。目前，從技術角度來看，這是一個重大挑戰。”盡管如此，研究人員相信，他們的創新概念電池可以為建筑和能源的未 來做出貢獻。
查爾默斯理工大學建筑與土木工程系教授唐魯平表示：“我們相信，這一概念將為未來的建筑材料提供更多的功能，比如可再生能源。”
如果這所大學的水泥基電池這一新穎概念能夠超越實驗室條件下的概念驗證，那么有一天它將不僅能產生節能而且能產生能源 的建筑物，這將有助于實現減排目標，并為未來的智能城市提供動力。
李峻 編譯自 油價網
原文如下：
Cement-based Batteries Could Solve The Energy Storage Problem
Researchers have developed a concept for a rechargeable battery based on cement—a world-first such concept that they suggest could one day turn buildings into giant energy storage facilities.
The proof of concept at lab scale is an idea in its early stages, and it has challenges to overcome. But one day, the researchers in Sweden say, rechargeable cement-based batteries could result in future building materials which will have additional functions such as energy storage, 4G connections in remote areas, or cathodic protection against corrosion in concrete infrastructure.
Research from the Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, outlined a new concept for rechargeable batteries which are made of cement. The concept, published in the scientific journal Buildings, includes a cement-based mixture with small amounts of short carbon fibers added to increase the conductivity and flexural toughness. The researchers then included metal-coated carbon fiber mesh in the cement-based mixture. In this mesh they picked iron and zinc as anodes, and nickel-based oxides as cathodes. The conductivity of cement-based electrolytes was modified by adding short carbon fibers.
“The energy density is still low in comparison to commercial batteries, but this limitation could be overcome thanks to the huge volume at which the battery could be constructed when used in buildings,” the Chalmers University of Technology said in a statement.
The most important quality of the concept cement-based battery is that it is rechargeable, the researchers say. Potential applications of such batteries could be in energy storage, powering LEDs, or providing 4G connections in remote areas.
“It could also be coupled with solar cell panels for example, to provide electricity and become the energy source for monitoring systems in highways or bridges, where sensors operated by a concrete battery could detect cracking or corrosion,” said Doctor Emma Zhang, formerly of the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering at the Chalmers University of Technology, and now Senior Development Scientist at Delta of Sweden.
The concept developed at a lab scale still has many challenges to overcome to become a viable approach to solving the world’s energy storage problem in the energy transition and the push for smart cities that could conserve energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from buildings.
According to the researchers themselves, there are many technical issues in the concept that should be solved before the idea of rechargeable cement-based batteries could move to the stage of commercialization.
The extension of the service life of cement-based batteries and the development of techniques for recycling them are the key technical questions that need to be solved if the concept can work in real life, the scientists say.
“Since concrete infrastructure is usually built to last fifty or even a hundred years, the batteries would need to be refined to match this, or to be easier to exchange and recycle when their service life is over. For now, this offers a major challenge from a technical point of view,” Emma Zhang said.
Still, the researchers believe that their innovative concept battery could contribute to the future of construction and energy.
“We are convinced this concept makes for a great contribution to allowing future building materials to have additional functions such as renewable energy sources,” said Luping Tang, Professor at the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering at the Chalmers University of Technology.
If the university’s novel concept of a cement-based battery could be advanced beyond a proof of concept in lab conditions, it could one day lead to not only energy-efficient but energy-generating buildings that could help emission reduction goals and power the future smart cities.
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